Introduction

The Tarot de Marseille, a deck of 78 cards, stands as an iconic symbol of divination, mysticism, and self-discovery. Its roots extend deep into history, dating back to 15th-century Europe, and its enduring allure continues to captivate seekers and readers around the world. This comprehensive essay embarks on an extensive journey through the rich tapestry of the Tarot de Marseille, tracing its origins, examining its historical variants, and pondering its enduring legacy in the realm of divination and human spirituality.

Origins and Early Evolution

To fully comprehend the Tarot de Marseille, we must begin with a deep exploration of the origins of tarot cards themselves. Tarot cards are believed to have originated in the 15th century in Europe, evolving from traditional playing cards imported from Asia. As these cards traversed different European regions, they underwent transformative changes, gradually giving rise to the tarot we know today.

In the late 15th century, tarot cards found their way to France, where they began to take on unique regional variations. However, it was in Marseille, during the 18th century, that the Tarot de Marseille, as we now recognize it, began to crystallize. The very name of this deck pays homage to the French city that became a significant center for the production of tarot cards during this era.

The Tarot de Marseille is structured into two primary categories: the Major Arcana, consisting of 22 cards, and the Minor Arcana, comprising 56 cards divided into four suits—Swords, Cups, Wands, and Pentacles. The Major Arcana, adorned with allegorical figures like the Fool, the Magician, and the High Priestess, boasts a unique symbolism that resonated with the mystical and esoteric inclinations of the era.

Historical Variants

The Tarot de Marseille’s illustrious history is replete with various historical variants that reflect the creative craftsmanship and artistic sensibilities of their respective creators. Each of these variants has its unique charm and significance:

1. Jean Noblet Tarot:

• Jean Noblet’s Tarot, hailing from the 17th century, stands as one of the earliest known versions of the Tarot de Marseille. Its distinct symbolism and artistry have made it an essential historical reference for Tarot de Marseille enthusiasts.

2. Jean Dodal Tarot:

• Jean Dodal, another 17th-century cardmaker, fashioned his own rendition of the Tarot de Marseille. The Dodal Tarot is celebrated for its elegance and intricate artwork, further enriching the diverse tapestry of historical Tarot variants.

3. Nicolas Conver Tarot:

• In the 18th century, Nicolas Conver created a Tarot deck that would become iconic and widely reproduced. The Conver Tarot is often regarded as one of the definitive renditions of the Tarot de Marseille, shaping the perception of the deck in modern times.

4. Jacques Viéville Tarot:

• Jacques Viéville’s mid-17th-century deck stands out for its whimsical and colorful imagery, which differs markedly from many other Tarot de Marseille decks. Its artistic style adds yet another layer to the complex tapestry of Tarot history.

5. François Chosson Tarot:

• François Chosson’s 18th-century Tarot, renowned for its detailed illustrations, serves as an important historical reference and is affectionately known as the “Chosson Tarot” or “Tarot Chosson.”

These historical variants offer unique artistic interpretations while maintaining the core symbolism and structure inherent to the Tarot de Marseille tradition. They have served as sources of inspiration for contemporary artists and tarot creators, resulting in a plethora of modern interpretations that pay homage to the lineage.

The 1JJ Swiss Tarot

• While the Tarot de Marseille holds a significant place in the tarot world, it is crucial to acknowledge that it is not the only variant with a captivating history and dedicated following. Among the array of tarot decks, the 1JJ Swiss Müller Tarot, often referred to as the 1JJ Tarot, possesses its unique characteristics and appeal:
  • History and Origins:
    • The 1JJ Swiss Tarot emerged in Switzerland, where it was first published by Müller & Cie. This deck came into being in the early 20th century, around the 1930s. It was designed to provide a simplified and visually engaging alternative to the classic Tarot decks, making it accessible to both beginners and experienced readers.
  • Key Features:
    • Imagery
      • Unlike the traditional Tarot de Marseille, the 1JJ Swiss Tarot features vivid, colorful, and intricately detailed artwork. Its imagery departs from the abstract and simpler representations found in the Marseille tradition.
    • Major Arcana
      • While maintaining traditional titles and symbolism, the Major Arcana cards in the 1JJ Swiss Tarot offer unique artistic interpretations, featuring visually captivating scenes that distinguish them from other tarot decks.
    • Minor Arcana
      • The Minor Arcana cards in this variant are adorned with intricate illustrations that provide greater context and visual cues for interpretation compared to Marseille-style decks.
    • Court Cards
      • The court cards in the 1JJ Swiss Tarot typically depict detailed human figures, adding depth and nuance to readings.
  • Use and Popularity:
    • The 1JJ Swiss Tarot has garnered a dedicated following among tarot enthusiasts, particularly those who appreciate its aesthetic appeal and accessibility. Its vibrant and detailed artwork makes it an attractive choice for individuals seeking personal insights or engaging in divination.

Other Notable Variants

In addition to the 1JJ Swiss Tarot and the historical variants, several other notable Tarot de Marseille variants have left their mark on the tarot landscape:

1. Marseilles Tarot Grimaud (Tarot de Marseille by Grimaud):

This modern version of the Tarot de Marseille is published by Éditions Grimaud, a renowned French cardmaker. It faithfully adheres to traditional Marseille symbolism and artistry.

2. Camoin-Jodorowsky Tarot:

Created by Alejandro Jodorowsky and Philippe Camoin, this variant seeks to restore the original symbolism of the Tarot de Marseille, drawing from historical sources and research.

3. CBD Tarot de Marseille:

The CBD Tarot de Marseille offers a modern reinterpretation of the traditional Marseille deck, featuring detailed and intricate artwork that appeals to contemporary readers.

4. Fournier Tarot de Marseille:

Fournier, another esteemed French cardmaker

, produces its version of the Tarot de Marseille, preserving the Marseille tradition with its unique production quality.

5. Tarot de Besançon:

Originating from the city of Besançon in France, the Tarot de Besançon is a regional variant that features distinct artistic elements while adhering to the core structure of the Marseille deck.

6. Spanish Tarot de Marseille:

The Spanish Tarot de Marseille incorporates Spanish suits into the Marseille deck, offering a unique twist on the traditional symbolism.

7. Tavaglione Stairs of Gold Tarot:

While not strictly a Marseille deck, the Tavaglione Stairs of Gold Tarot is inspired by the Marseille tradition and features stunning artwork with rich symbolism.

8. Oswald Wirth Tarot:

Oswald Wirth’s tarot deck, influenced by the Marseille tradition, boasts detailed and symbolic artwork that resonates with esoteric practitioners.

These variants, each with its own artistic flair and interpretation, contribute to the vibrant tapestry of Tarot de Marseille decks available to contemporary readers. They reflect the enduring fascination with the tarot and its capacity to evolve while preserving its timeless wisdom.

Major Differences in Tarot Variants

Amidst this diverse array of Tarot de Marseille variants, several notable differences emerge, shaping the distinct character of each deck:

1. Artistic Style and Imagery:

Variants like the 1JJ Swiss Tarot, the Camoin-Jodorowsky Tarot, and the Tavaglione Stairs of Gold Tarot depart from the traditional Marseille style, embracing more vivid and detailed artwork.

The Fournier Tarot de Marseille and the Grimaud Tarot remain faithful to the austere and abstract Marseille artistic style.

2. Card Titles and Numbers:

The 1JJ Swiss Tarot and some modern variants often include card titles and numbers in multiple languages, increasing accessibility.

Traditional Marseille decks use French titles and numerals exclusively.

3. Additional Cards:

The 1JJ Swiss Tarot introduces extra cards, such as a blue angel and “The Happy Squirrel,” for added depth and humor.

Classic Tarot de Marseille adheres to the standard 78-card structure.

4. Artistic Variations:

Variants like the Tavaglione Stairs of Gold Tarot and the Oswald Wirth Tarot offer artistic interpretations that deviate from the traditional Marseille imagery.

Decks like the Grimaud Tarot and the CBD Tarot de Marseille maintain visual consistency with the Marseille tradition.

5. Use and Interpretation:

The 1JJ Swiss Tarot embraces a modern interpretation, accommodating flexibility in symbolism and interpretation.

Traditional Marseille decks are cherished by purists who uphold historical accuracy and adhere to Marseille symbolism.

The Evolution of Tarot: From Origins to Modernity

The journey through the Tarot de Marseille and its variants is a testament to the enduring appeal of this ancient art form. From its humble beginnings as a set of playing cards in medieval Europe to its transformation into a tool for divination, self-reflection, and spiritual exploration, the tarot’s evolution mirrors the evolution of human consciousness itself.

As we traverse the historical and artistic landscapes of the Tarot de Marseille and its variants, we encounter not only the cards themselves but also the individuals who breathed life into them—cardmakers, artists, occultists, and seekers of wisdom. We witness the evolution of symbolism and interpretation, the interplay between tradition and innovation, and the ways in which these decks continue to inspire and resonate with people from all walks of life.

Today, the Tarot de Marseille stands as a bridge between the past and the present, offering a timeless mirror through which we can explore the depths of our consciousness and gain insights into the mysteries of existence. Its variants, whether rooted in tradition or infused with contemporary creativity, invite us to embark on a journey of self-discovery and spiritual growth.

In Summary

In this exploration of the Tarot de Marseille and its variants, we have ventured through centuries of history, symbolism, and artistic expression. From its origins in 15th-century Europe to the diverse array of modern interpretations, the tarot has transcended cultural boundaries and evolved to meet the ever-changing needs of humanity.

Each deck, whether a historical gem like the Jean Noblet Tarot or a modern reinterpretation like the CBD Tarot de Marseille, contributes to the vast tapestry of tarot wisdom. While some variants adhere closely to tradition, others boldly venture into uncharted territory, pushing the boundaries of what tarot can be.

As we contemplate the Tarot de Marseille and its myriad manifestations, we are reminded that the power of the tarot lies not only in its symbolism but also in its capacity to spark introspection, guide decision-making, and offer solace in times of uncertainty. Whether we are drawn to the timeless elegance of the Marseille tradition or the vibrant allure of its variants, the tarot remains a source of inspiration, wisdom, and transformation—a mirror reflecting the depths of our own souls.

In the end, the Tarot de Marseille is not merely a deck of cards; it is a timeless companion on our journey through life—a source of insight, illumination, and enduring mystery. Its legacy endures, inviting us to draw the cards and embark on a quest for self-discovery, knowledge, and spiritual enlightenment.

I’m hoping to further expand this piece to include images of sseveral of these decks, some from my own collection of reproductions, some from public domain images. Check back soon!